英语小站,学英语,过四级.

讲文明，重策略。

Civilized,Strategic.

瑞德，希望是件美丽的东西，也许是最好的东西。美好的东西是永远不会死的。
Remember, Red, hope is good thing, mabye the best of things. And no good thing ever dies.

安迪.杜德兰:这就是意义所在。你需要它，就好像自己不要忘记。忘记世上还有不是用石 头围起来的地方。忘记自己的内心还有你自己的东西，他们碰不到的东西。

Andy Dufresne: Here’s where it makes the most sense. You need it so you don"t foget. Foget that there are palce in the world that aren’t made out of stone That there’s a---there’s a---there’s something inside that’s yours, that they can’t touch.
到今天我还不知道那两个意大利娘们在唱些什么，其实，我也不想知道。有 些东西还是留着不说为妙。我像她们该是在唱一些非常美妙动人的故事，美妙得难以用言 语来表达，美妙的让你心痛。告诉你吧，这些声音直插云霄，飞得比任何一个人敢想的梦 还要遥远。就像一些美丽的鸟儿扑扇着翅膀来到我们褐色牢笼，让那些墙壁消失得无影无踪。就在那一刹那，肖申克监狱的每一个人都感到了自由。
I have no idea to this day what those two Italian ladies were s inging about. Truth is, I don’t want to know. Som-e things are better left uns
aid.I’d like to think they were singing about somethings so beautiful,it can" t expressed in words,and it makes y-our heart ache because of it.I tell you, th ose voices soared higher and farther than anybody in a great place dares to dr eam. It was as if some beautiful bird had flapped into our drab little cage an d made these walls dissolve away, and for the briefest of moments, every last man is Shawshank felt free.


这就是音乐的美丽。他们无法把这种美丽从你那里夺去

That’s the beauty of music. They can’t take that away from you.

我得经常同自己说，有些鸟儿是关不住的。他们的羽毛太鲜亮了。当它们飞走的时候，你心底里知道把他们关起来是一种罪恶，你会因此而振奋。不过，他们一走,你住的地方也就更加灰暗空虚。我觉得我真是怀念我的朋友。
I have to remind myself that some birds don’t mean to be caged . Their feathers are just too bright. And when they fly away, the part of you that knows it was a sin to lock them up. DOES rejoice. Still, the place you live in is that much more drab and empty that they’re gone. I guess I just miss my friend.
恐惧让你沦为囚犯。希望让你重获自由

Fear can hold you prisoner. Hope can set you free

坚强的人只能救赎自己，伟大的人才能拯救他人
It takes a strong man to save himself, and a great man to save another

记着，希望是件好东西，没准儿是件最好的东西，而且从没有一样好东西会消逝！

Remember, Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things and no good thing ever dies!

big macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盘股

offering,list 上市

bourse 证交所

corporate champion 龙头企业

Shanghai Exchange 上海证交所

pension fund 养老基金

mutual fund 共同基金

hedge mutual fund 对冲式共同基金



share 股票

valuation 股价

underwriter 保险商

government bond 政府债券

saving account 储蓄帐户

equity market 股市

shareholder 股东

delist 摘牌

mongey-loser 亏损企业

inventory 存货

traded company,trading enterprise 上市公司

stakeholder 利益相关者

transparency 透明度

market fundamentalist 市场经济基本规则

damage-contral machinery 安全顾问

efficient market 有效市场

intellectual property 知识产权

opportunistic practice 投机行为

entrepreneur 企业家

cook the book 做假帐

regulatory system 监管体系

portfolio 投资组合

money-market 短期资本市场

capital-market 长期资本市场

volatility 波动

diversification 多元化

real estate 房地产

option 期权

call option 看涨期权

put option 看跌期权

merger 并购

arbitrage 套利

Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会

dollar standard 美元本位制

budget 预算

deficit 赤字

bad debt 坏帐

macroeconomic 宏观经济

fiscal stimulus 财政刺激

a store of value 保值

transaction currency 结算货币

forward exchange 期货交易

intervention currency 干预货币

Treasury bond 财政部公债

current-account 经常项目

pickup in rice 物价上涨

Federal Reserve 美联储

inflation 通货膨胀

deflation 通货紧缩

tighter credit 紧缩信贷

monetary policy 货币政策

foreigh exchange 外汇

spot transaction 即期交易

forward transaction 远期交易

option forward transaction 择期交易

swap transaction 调期交易

quote 报价

settlment and delivery 交割

buying rate 买入价

selling rate 卖出价

spread 差幅

contract 合同

at par 平价

premium 升水

discount 贴水

direct quoation method 直接报价法

indirect quoation method 间接报价法

dividend 股息

domestic currency 本币

floating rate 浮动利率

parent company 母公司

credit swap 互惠贷款

venture capital 风险资本

book value 帐面价值

physical capital 实际资本

IPO(initial public offering) 新股首发；首次公开发行

job machine 就业市场

welfare capitalism 福利资本主义

collective market cap 市场资本总值

golbal corporation 跨国公司

transnational status 跨国优势

transfer price 转让价格

consolidation 兼并

leverage 杠杆

Federal Reserve 美联储

financial turmoil/meltdown 金融危机

file for bankruptcy 申请破产

bailout 救助

take over 收购

buy out 购买(某人的)产权或全部货物

go under 破产

take a nosedive （股市）大跌

tumble 下跌

falter 摇摇欲坠

on the hook 被套住

shore up confidence 提振市场信心

stave off 挡开, 避开,

liquidate assets 资产清算

at fire sale prices 超低价

sell-off 证券的跌价

　　I teach economics at UNLV three times per week. Last Monday, at the beginning of class, I cheerfully asked my students how their weekend had been. One young man said that his weekend had not been so good. He had his wisdom teeth removed. The young man then proceeded to ask me why I always seemed to be so cheerful.

　　His question reminded me of something I'd read somewhere before: "Every morning when you get up, you have a choice about how you want to approach life that day," I said. "I choose to be cheerful."

　　"Let me give you an example," I continued, addressing all sixty students in the class. "In addition to teaching here at UNLV, I also teach out at the community college in Henderson, 17 miles down the freeway from where I live. One day a few weeks ago I drove those 17 miles to Henderson. I exited the freeway and turned onto College Drive. I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college. But just then my car died. I tried to start it again, but the engine wouldn't turn over. So I put my flashers on, grabbed my books, and marched down the road to the college."

　　"As soon as I got there I called AAA and arranged for a tow truck to meet me at my car after class. The secretary in the Provost's office asked me what has happened. 'This is my lucky day,' I replied, smiling."

　　" 'Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day?' She was puzzled. 'What do you mean?'"

　　" 'I live 17 miles from here.' I replied. 'My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway. It didn't. Instead, it broke down in the perfect place: off the freeway, within walking distance of here. I'm still able to teach my class, and I've been able to arrange for the tow truck to meet me after class. If my car was meant to break down today, it couldn't have been arranged in a more convenient fashion.'"

　　"The secretary's eyes opened wide, and then she smiled. I smiled back and headed for class." So ended my story.

　　I scanned the sixty faces in my economics class at UNLV. Despite the early hour, no one seemed to be asleep. Somehow, my story had touched them. Or maybe it wasn't the story at all. In fact, it had all started with a student's observation that I was cheerful.

　I remember the first time I got on a horse. I was two years old and we were watching a friend of the family ride. My mom agreed to let me take a short ride around the arena with the friend and that was it! I was horse crazy. From then on, I drove my parents insane begging for a horse. Whenever I saw a horse, I would beg even harder.

　　When I was four years old, my life as I know it now began. I have Selective Mutism. This is a rare childhood disorder in which children stop speaking in certain social situations, many times at around the age of four. I spoke normally to my parents, my brother and certain other people, but was silent at school and in social situations. I went days, weeks, months without a sound at school. At most, I might quietly whisper to a friend.

　　Often, children with Selective Mutism will not speak in the presence of others; even to a person they normally talk to. There is a lot of whispering in ears, so that others cannot hear. We have normal or above average IQs and usually no speech pathology. The most important factor in this disorder is, we cannot speak. We do not do this purposely or willfully, it feels impossible to speak. As you can imagine, many children are blamed, punished and traumatized, especially at school. The disorder is believed to be anxiety related and treatment is difficult, but not impossible. We have so much more to learn.

　　My parents searched for a cure. At that time, we did not even have a name for what I had. I suffered silently through school until I was ten years old when one in a long string of psychologists had an idea. Having discussed his plan with my parents beforehand, one day in my therapy session I was asked by the psychologist what I wanted more than anything in the world. He explained that I was going to be given an opportunity to work for what I wanted. I couldn't believe my good luck, but I could not answer. I just stood there struggling to verbalize what I wanted more than anything else in the world. Finally, I was permitted to whisper the answer in my mother's ear. "A horse," was all I could say.

　　I was to get a pony, but before we could even start looking, I had to live up to my end of the bargain. I had to try to talk. I had a chart of weekly tasks I had to accomplish. I had to answer the phone five times per week, something I had never done before. I had to make five phone calls to my friends. I had to say one word to my teacher at school and the list went on. For a child with Selective Mutism, saying one word to someone can be like climbing Mount Everest.

　　I did everything that was asked of me and the day came when my parents found a local riding stable that had the perfect pony. His name was Sequoia, a strong little chestnut with some roaning and a tiny white spot on his rump. He was perfect, of course, and I fell in love immediately. We boarded him at the riding stable and I began taking lessons. I wanted to be the best I could be and I swelled with pride every time I got on Sequoia. It truly was a dream come true. I learned to brush him, saddle him, pick his hooves out. Each week I could not wait for Saturday and my lesson, then my free time with my Sequoia. When I was in Sequoia's presence, I forgot all about my problems and felt strong and secure.

　　As I see it, horses are silent too, but they are fast, powerful and free at the same time. Horses give me the strength I lack. They give me a reason to push myself, when I can find no other. Horses have been part of my life for well over twenty years now, all the while helping me deal with an isolating, frightening disorder. When things get difficult, as they still sometimes do, I go to my horses. With them, I can be silent, but I can hold my head up and have dignity and freedom. By connecting with them, I have learned to embrace what I was once shunned for and I found my voice.

　　I am a fully participating member of society these days. My horses and I made it through a master's degree and then law school. I am a practicing attorney, I even make court appearances. I may have made it otherwise, but I'm not sure. I feel I owe my life to the horse and I try to give it back to them every day. I am fortunate that I can look out my back door and see my beautiful horses looking back at me. I am so grateful that I get to watch them run in their mountain pasture every day. I hope I never stop learning from them. They have given me the best gift I could ever imagine, my life.

　生活在现代的商品社会里，每个人都不可避免地会用到关于价格的英文表达。现在按其结构分为三类加以归纳，希望对你的英语学习有所帮助。

　　1.形容词(名词)+名词

　　reasonable price(合理的价格)moderate/fair price (适中的价格)

　　a good price ( 好价格 ) attractive price (诱人的价格)

　　favorable price (优惠价) competitive price(竞争价格)

　　high price(高价) list price(价目单定价)

　　low price(低价) highest price(最高价)

　　lowest price(最低价) rock-bottom price(最低价)

　　retail/tag price(零售价) fixed price(定价)

　　a nominal price(名义价、虚价) a reduced price(折扣价)

　　wholesale price(批发价) import price(进口价)

　　export price(出口价) market price(市场价)

　　home market price(国内市场价) international market price(国际市场价)

　　2.动词+名词

　　bring down/lower/reduce prices(降价) cut/ slash prices( 削价)

　　charge a high price (索高价) raise prices( 提价)

　　offer a price (出价) readjust prices(重新调价)

　　stabilize prices(稳定物价) set/fix a price(定出价格)

　3.名词+动词

　　Prices drop/fall/decline/go down.(物价下跌)

　　Prices jump up/rise/shoot up/go up. (物价上涨)

　　Prices remain stable.( 物价稳定) Prices fluctuate. (物价波动)

　　另外，在具体生活中, 价格的表达方式很多，需灵活使用。不过，有两点还请读者注意。

　　其一，表示物价的“高”，“低”且与price搭配时分别要用high和low;表示某物的“贵”，“贱”时分别要用expensive和cheap。二者不能混淆，但可以变通。如：

　　The prices of watches are low at that shop. =Watches are cheap at that shop. 那家商店的手表便宜。

　　The prices of tomatoes are high in this market. =Tomatoes are expensive in this market.这个市场的

　　西红柿贵。

　　其二，询问价格时要注意what与price 连用; how much 与某物连用。如：

　　What is the price of this car? =How much is this car? 这辆小汽车多少钱?

　从前有一个小女孩——一个非常可爱的、漂亮的小女孩。不过她夏天得打着一双赤脚走路，因为她很贫穷。冬天她拖着一双沉重的木鞋，脚背都给磨红了，这是很不好受的。

　　在村子的正中央住着一个年老的女鞋匠。她用旧红布匹，坐下来尽她最大的努力缝出了一双小鞋。这双鞋的样子相当笨，但是她的用意很好，因为这双鞋是为这个小女孩缝的。这个小姑娘名叫珈伦。

　　在她的妈妈入葬的那天，她得到了这双红鞋。这是她第一次穿。的确，这不是服丧时穿的东西；但是她却没有别的鞋子穿。所以她就把一双小赤脚伸进去，跟在一个简陋的棺材后面走。

　　这时候忽然有一辆很大的旧车子开过来了。车子里坐着一位年老的太太。她看到了这位小姑娘，非常可怜她，于是就对牧师（注：在旧时的欧洲，孤儿没有家，就由当地的牧师照管。）说：

　　“把这小姑娘交给我吧，我会待她很好的！”

　　珈伦以为这是因为她那双红鞋的缘故。不过老太太说红鞋很讨厌，所以把这双鞋烧掉了。不过现在珈伦却穿起干净整齐的衣服来。她学着读书和做针线，别人都说她很可爱。不过她的镜子说：“你不但可爱；你简直是美丽。”

　　有一次皇后旅行全国；她带着她的小女儿一道，而这就是一个公主。老百姓都拥到宫殿门口来看，珈伦也在他们中间。那位小公主穿着美丽的白衣服，站在窗子里面，让大家来看她。她既没有拖着后裾，也没有戴上金王冠，但是她穿着一双华丽的红鞣皮鞋。比起那个女鞋匠为小珈伦做的那双鞋来，这双鞋当然是漂亮得多。世界上没有什么东西能跟红鞋比较！

　　现在珈伦已经很大，可以受坚信礼了。她将会有新衣服穿；她也会穿到新鞋子。城里一个富有的鞋匠把她的小脚量了一下——这件事是在他自己店里、在他自己的一个小房间里做的。那儿有许多大玻璃架子，里面陈列着许多整齐的鞋子和擦得发亮的靴子。这全都很漂亮，不过那位老太太的眼睛看不清楚，所以不感到兴趣。在这许多鞋子之中有一双红鞋；它跟公主所穿的那双一模一样。它们是多么美丽啊！鞋匠说这双鞋是为一位伯爵的小姐做的，但是它们不太合她的脚。

　　“那一定是漆皮做的，”老太太说，“因此才这样发亮！”

　　“是的，发亮！”珈伦说。

　　鞋子很合她的脚，所以她就买下来了。不过老太太不知道那是红色的，因为她决不会让珈伦穿着一双红鞋去受坚信礼。但是珈伦却去了。

　　所有的人都在望着她的那双脚。当她在教堂里走向那个圣诗歌唱班门口的时候，她就觉得好像那些墓石上的雕像，那些戴着硬领和穿着黑长袍的牧师，以及他们的太太的画像都在盯着她的一双红鞋。牧师把手搁在她的头上，讲着神圣的洗礼、她与上帝的誓约以及当一个基督徒的责任，正在这时候，她心中只想着她的这双鞋。风琴奏出庄严的音乐来，孩子们的悦耳的声音唱着圣诗，那个年老的圣诗队长也在唱，但是珈伦只想着她的红鞋。
　
　　那天下午老太太听大家说那双鞋是红的。于是她就说，这未免太胡闹了，太不成体统了。她还说，从此以后，珈伦再到教堂去，必须穿着黑鞋子，即使是旧的也没有关系。

　　下一个星期日要举行圣餐。珈伦看了看那双黑鞋，又看了看那双红鞋——再一次又看了看红鞋，最后决定还是穿上那双红鞋。

　　太阳照耀得非常美丽。珈伦和老太太在田野的小径上走。路上有些灰尘。

　　教堂门口有一个残废的老兵，拄着一根拐杖站着。他留着一把很奇怪的长胡子。这胡子与其说是白的，还不如说是红的——因为它本来就是红的。他把腰几乎弯到地上去了；他回老太太说，他可不可以擦擦她鞋子上的灰尘。珈伦也把她的小脚伸出来。

　　“这是多么漂亮的舞鞋啊！”老兵说，“你在跳舞的时候穿它最合适！”于是他就用手在鞋底上敲了几下。老太太送了几个银毫给这兵士，然后便带着珈伦走进教堂里去了。

　　教堂里所有的人都望着珈伦的这双红鞋，所有的画像也都在望着它们。当珈伦跪在圣餐台面前、嘴里衔着金圣餐杯的时候，她只想着她的红鞋——它们似乎是浮在她面前的圣餐杯里。她忘记了唱圣诗；她忘记了念祷告。

　　现在大家都走出了教堂。老太太走进她的车子里去，珈伦也抬起脚踏进车子里去。这时站在旁边的那个老兵说：“多么美丽的舞鞋啊！”

　　珈伦经不起这番赞美：她要跳几个步子。她一开始，一双腿就不停地跳起来。这双鞋好像控制住了她的腿似的。她绕着教堂的一角跳——她没有办法停下来。车夫不得不跟在她后面跑，把她抓住，抱进车子里去。不过她的一双脚仍在跳，结果她猛烈地踢到那位好心肠的太太身上去了。最后他们脱下她的鞋子；这样，她的腿才算安静下来。

　　这双鞋子被放在家里的一个橱柜里，但是珈伦忍不住要去看看。

　　现在老太太病得躺下来了；大家都说她大概是不会好了。她得有人看护和照料，但这种工作不应该是别人而应该是由珈伦做的。不过这时城里有一个盛大的舞会，珈伦也被请去了。她望了望这位好不了的老太太，又瞧了瞧那双红鞋——她觉得瞧瞧也没有什么害处。她穿上了这双鞋——穿穿也没有什么害处。不过这么一来，她就去参加舞会了，而且开始跳起舞来。

　　但是当她要向右转的时候，鞋子却向左边跳。当她想要向上走的时候，鞋子却要向下跳，要走下楼梯，一直走到街上，走出城门。她舞着，而且不得不舞，一直舞到黑森林里去。

　　树林中有一道光。她想这一定是月亮了，因为她看到一个面孔。不过这是那个有红胡子的老兵。他在坐着，点着头，同时说：

　“多么美丽的舞鞋啊！”这时她就害怕起来，想把这双红鞋扔掉。但是它们扣得很紧。于是她扯着她的袜子，但是鞋已经生到她脚上去了。她跳起舞来，而且不得不跳到田野和草原上去，在雨里跳，在太阳里也跳，在夜里跳，在白天也跳。最可怕的是在夜里跳。她跳到一个教堂的墓地里去，不过那儿的死者并不跳舞：他们有比跳舞还要好的事情要做。她想在一个长满了苦艾菊的穷人的坟上坐下来，不过她静不下来，也没有办法休息。当她跳到教堂敞着的大门口的时候，她看到一位穿白长袍的安琪儿。她的翅膀从肩上一直拖到脚下，她的面孔是庄严而沉着，手中拿着一把明晃晃的剑。

　　“你得跳舞呀！”她说，“穿着你的红鞋跳舞，一直跳到你发白和发冷，一直跳到你的身体干缩成为一架骸骨。你要从这家门口跳到那家门口。你要到一些骄傲自大的孩子们住着的地方去敲门，好叫他们听到你，怕你！你要跳舞，不停地跳舞！”

　　“请饶了我吧！”珈伦叫起来。

　　不过她没有听到安琪儿的回答，因为这双鞋把她带出门，到田野上去了，带到大路上和小路上去了。她得不停地跳舞。有一天早晨她跳过一个很熟识的门口。里面有唱圣诗的声音，人们抬出一口棺材，上面装饰着花朵。这时她才知道那个老太太已经死了。于是她觉得她已经被大家遗弃，被上帝的安琪儿责罚。

　　她跳着舞，她不得不跳着舞——在漆黑的夜里跳着舞。这双鞋带着她走过荆棘的野蔷薇；这些东西把她刺得流血。她在荒地上跳，一直跳到一个孤零零的小屋子面前去。她知道这儿住着一个刽子手。她用手指在玻璃窗上敲了一下，同时说：

　　“请出来吧！请出来吧！我进来不了呀，因为我在跳舞！”刽子手说：

　　“你也许不知道我是谁吧？我就是砍掉坏人脑袋的人呀。我已经感觉到我的斧子在颤动！”

　　“请不要砍掉我的头吧，”珈伦说，“因为如果你这样做，那么我就不能忏悔我的罪过了。但是请你把我这双穿着红鞋的脚砍掉吧！”

　　于是她就说出了她的罪过。刽子手把她那双穿着红鞋的脚砍掉。不过这双鞋带着她的小脚跳到田野上，一直跳到*?黑的森林里去了。

　　他为她配了一双木脚和一根拐杖，同时教给她一首死囚们常常唱的圣诗。她吻了一下那只握着斧子的手，然后就向荒地上走去。

　　“我为这双红鞋已经吃了不少的苦头，”她说，“现在我要到教堂里去，好让人们看看我。”

　　于是她就很快地向教堂的大门走去，但是当她走到那儿的时候，那双红鞋就在她面前跳着舞，弄得她害怕起来。所以她就走回来。

　　她悲哀地过了整整一个星期，流了许多伤心的眼泪。不过当星期日到来的时候，她说：

　　“唉，我受苦和斗争已经够久了！我想我现在跟教堂里那些昂着头的人没有什么两样！”

　　于是她就大胆地走出去。但是当她刚刚走到教堂门口的时候，她又看到那双红鞋在她面前跳舞：这时她害怕起来，马上往回走，同时虔诚地忏悔她的罪过。

　　她走到牧师的家里去，请求在他家当一个佣人。她愿意勤恳地工作，尽她的力量做事。她不计较工资；她只是希望有一个住处，跟好人在一起。牧师的太太怜悯她，把她留下来做活。她是很勤快和用心思的。晚间，当牧师在高声地朗读《圣经》的时候，她就静静地坐下来听。这家的孩子都喜欢她。不过当他们谈到衣服、排场利像皇后那样的美丽的时候，她就摇摇头。

　　第二个星期天，一家人全到教堂去做礼拜。他们问她是不是也愿意去。她满眼含着泪珠，凄惨地把她的拐杖望了一下。于是这家人就去听上帝的训诫了。只有她孤独地回到她的小房间里去。这儿不太宽，只能放一张床和一张椅子。她拿着一本圣诗集坐在这儿，用一颗虔诚的心来读里面的字句。风儿把教堂的风琴声向她吹来。她抬起被眼泪润湿了的脸，说：

　　“上帝啊，请帮助我！”

　　这时太阳在光明地照着。一位穿白衣服的安琪儿——她一天晚上在教堂门口见到过的那位安琪儿——在她面前出现了。不过她手中不再是拿着那把锐利的剑，而是拿着一根开满了玫瑰花的绿枝。她用它触了一下天花板，于是天花板就升得很高。凡是她所触到的地方，就有一颗明亮的金星出现。她把墙触了一下，于是墙就分开。这时她就看到那架奏着音乐的风琴和绘着牧师及牧师太太的一些古老画像。做礼拜的人都坐在很讲究的席位上，唱着圣诗集里的诗。如果说这不是教堂自动来到这个狭小房间里的可怜的女孩面前，那就是她已经到了教堂里面去。她和牧师家里的人一同坐在席位上。当他们念完了圣诗、抬起头来看的时候，他们就点点头，说：“对了，珈伦，你也到这儿来了！”

　　“我得到了宽恕！”她说。

　　风琴奏着音乐。孩子们的合唱是非常好听和可爱的。明朗的太阳光温暖地从窗子那儿射到珈伦坐的席位上来。她的心充满了那么多的阳光、和平和快乐，弄得后来爆裂了。她的灵魂飘在太阳的光线上飞进天国。谁也没有再问*?她的那双红鞋。（１８４５年）

　　这是一起充满了宗教意味的小故事，来源于作者儿时的回忆。安徒生的父亲都虔信上帝。这现象在穷困的人中很普遍，因为他们在现实生活中找不到任何出路的时候，就幻想上帝能解救他们。安徒生儿时就是在这种气氛中度过的。信上帝必须无条件地虔诚，不能有任何杂念。这个小故事中的主人公珈伦偏偏有了杂念，因而受到惩罚，只有经过折磨和苦难，断绝了杂念和思想净化了以后，她才“得到了宽恕”，她的灵魂才得以升向天国——因为她究竟是一个纯真的孩子。关于这个故事安徒生手记中说：“在《我的一生的童话》中，我曾说过在我受坚信礼的时候，第一次穿着一双靴子。当我在教堂的地上走着的时候，靴子在地上发出吱咯、吱咯的响声。这使我感到很得意，因为这样，做礼拜的人就都能听得见我穿的靴子是多么新。但忽然间感到我的心不诚。我的内心开始恐慌起来：我的思想集中在靴子上，而没有集中在上帝身上。关于此事的回忆，就促使我写出这篇《红鞋》。”

　NCE upon a time there was little girl, pretty and dainty. But in summer time she was obliged to go barefooted because she was poor, and in winter she had to wear large wooden shoes, so that her little instep grew quite red.

　　In the middle of the village lived an old shoemaker’s wife; she sat down and made, as well as she could, a pair of little shoes out of some old pieces of red cloth. They were clumsy, but she meant well, for they were intended for the little girl, whose name was Karen.

　　Karen received the shoes and wore them for the first time on the day of her mother’s funeral. They were certainly not suitable for mourning; but she had no others, and so she put her bare feet into them and walked behind the humble coffin.

　　Just then a large old carriage came by, and in it sat an old lady; she looked at the little girl, and taking pity on her, said to the clergyman, “Look here, if you will give me the little girl, I will take care of her.”

　　Karen believed that this was all on account of the red shoes, but the old lady thought them hideous, and so they were burnt. Karen herself was dressed very neatly and cleanly; she was taught to read and to sew, and people said that she was pretty. But the mirror told her, “You are more than pretty—you are beautiful.”

　　One day the Queen was travelling through that part of the country, and had her little daughter, who was a princess, with her. All the people, amongst them Karen too, streamed towards the castle, where the little princess, in fine white clothes, stood before the window and allowed herself to be stared at. She wore neither a train nor a golden crown, but beautiful red morocco shoes; they were indeed much finer than those which the shoemaker’s wife had sewn for little Karen. There is really nothing in the world that can be compared to red shoes!

　　Karen was now old enough to be confirmed; she received some new clothes, and she was also to have some new shoes. The rich shoemaker in the town took the measure of her little foot in his own room, in which there stood great glass cases full of pretty shoes and white slippers. It all looked very lovely, but the old lady could not see very well, and therefore did not get much pleasure out of it. Amongst the shoes stood a pair of red ones, like those which the princess had worn. How beautiful they were! and the shoemaker said that they had been made for a count’s daughter, but that they had not fitted her.

　　“I suppose they are of shiny leather?” asked the old lady. “They shine so.”

　　“Yes, they do shine,” said Karen. They fitted her, and were bought. But the old lady knew nothing of their being red, for she would never have allowed Karen to be confirmed in red shoes, as she was now to be.

　　Everybody looked at her feet, and the whole of the way from the church door to the choir it seemed to her as if even the ancient figures on the monuments, in their stiff collars and long black robes, had their eyes fixed on her red shoes. It was only of these that she thought when the clergyman laid his hand upon her head and spoke of the holy baptism, of the covenant with God, and told her that she was now to be a grown-up Christian. The organ pealed forth solemnly, and the sweet children’s voices mingled with that of their old leader; but Karen thought only of her red shoes. In the afternoon the old lady heard from everybody that Karen had worn red shoes. She said that it was a shocking thing to do, that it was very improper, and that Karen was always to go to church in future in black shoes, even if they were old.

　　On the following Sunday there was Communion. Karen looked first at the black shoes, then at the red ones—looked at the red ones again, and put them on.

　　The sun was shining gloriously, so Karen and the old lady went along the footpath through the corn, where it was rather dusty.

　　At the church door stood an old crippled soldier leaning on a crutch; he had a wonderfully long beard, more red than white, and he bowed down to the ground and asked the old lady whether he might wipe her shoes. Then Karen put out her little foot too. “Dear me, what pretty dancing-shoes!” said the soldier. “Sit fast, when you dance,” said he, addressing the shoes, and slapping the soles with his hand.

　　The old lady gave the soldier some money and then went with Karen into the church.

　　And all the people inside looked at Karen’s red shoes, and all the figures gazed at them; when Karen knelt before the altar and put the golden goblet to her mouth, she thought only of the red shoes. It seemed to her as though they were swimming about in the goblet, and she forgot to sing the psalm, forgot to say the “Lord’s Prayer.”

　　Now every one came out of church, and the old lady stepped into her carriage. But just as Karen was lifting up her foot to get in too, the old soldier said: “Dear me, what pretty dancing shoes!” and Karen could not help it, she was obliged to dance a few steps; and when she had once begun, her legs continued to dance. It seemed as if the shoes had got power over them. She danced round the church corner, for she could not stop; the coachman had to run after her and seize her. He lifted her into the carriage, but her feet continued to dance, so that she kicked the good old lady violently. At last they took off her shoes, and her legs were at rest.

　　At home the shoes were put into the cupboard, but Karen could not help looking at them.

　　Now the old lady fell ill, and it was said that she would not rise from her bed again. She had to be nursed and waited upon, and this was no one’s duty more than Karen’s. But there was a grand ball in the town, and Karen was invited. She looked at the red shoes, saying to herself that there was no sin in doing that; she put the red shoes on, thinking there was no harm in that either; and then she went to the ball; and commenced to dance.
　But when she wanted to go to the right, the shoes danced to the left, and when she wanted to dance up the room, the shoes danced down the room, down the stairs through the street, and out through the gates of the town. She danced, and was obliged to dance, far out into the dark wood. Suddenly something shone up among the trees, and she believed it was the moon, for it was a face. But it was the old soldier with the red beard; he sat there nodding his head and said: “Dear me, what pretty dancing shoes!”

　　She was frightened, and wanted to throw the red shoes away; but they stuck fast. She tore off her stockings, but the shoes had grown fast to her feet. She danced and was obliged to go on dancing over field and meadow, in rain and sunshine, by night and by day—but by night it was most horrible.

　　She danced out into the open churchyard; but the dead there did not dance. They had something better to do than that. She wanted to sit down on the pauper’s grave where the bitter fern grows; but for her there was neither peace nor rest. And as she danced past the open church door she saw an angel there in long white robes, with wings reaching from his shoulders down to the earth; his face was stern and grave, and in his hand he held a broad shining sword.

　　“Dance you shall,” said he, “dance in your red shoes till you are pale and cold, till your skin shrivels up and you are a skeleton! Dance you shall, from door to door, and where proud and wicked children live you shall knock, so that they may hear you and fear you! Dance you shall, dance—!”

　　“Mercy!” cried Karen. But she did not hear what the angel answered, for the shoes carried her through the gate into the fields, along highways and byways, and unceasingly she had to dance.

　　One morning she danced past a door that she knew well; they were singing a psalm inside, and a coffin was being carried out covered with flowers. Then she knew that she was forsaken by every one and damned by the angel of God.
She danced, and was obliged to go on dancing through the dark night. The shoes bore her away over thorns and stumps till she was all torn and bleeding; she danced away over the heath to a lonely little house. Here, she knew, lived the executioner; and she tapped with her finger at the window and said:

　　“Come out, come out! I cannot come in, for I must dance.”
And the executioner said: “I don’t suppose you know who I am. I strike off the heads of the wicked, and I notice that my axe is tingling to do so.”

　　“Don’t cut off my head!” said Karen, “for then I could not repent of my sin. But cut off my feet with the red shoes.”
And then she confessed all her sin, and the executioner struck off her feet with the red shoes; but the shoes danced away with the little feet across the field into the deep forest.

　　And he carved her a pair of wooden feet and some crutches, and taught her a psalm which is always sung by sinners; she kissed the hand that guided the axe, and went away over the heath.

　　“Now, I have suffered enough for the red shoes,” she said; “I will go to church, so that people can see me.” And she went quickly up to the church-door; but when she came there, the red shoes were dancing before her, and she was frightened, and turned back.

　　During the whole week she was sad and wept many bitter tears, but when Sunday came again she said: “Now I have suffered and striven enough. I believe I am quite as good as many of those who sit in church and give themselves airs.” And so she went boldly on; but she had not got farther than the churchyard gate when she saw the red shoes dancing along before her. Then she became terrified, and turned back and repented right heartily of her sin.

　　She went to the parsonage, and begged that she might be taken into service there. She would be industrious, she said, and do everything that she could; she did not mind about the wages as long as she had a roof over her, and was with good people. The pastor’s wife had pity on her, and took her into service. And she was industrious and thoughtful. She sat quiet and listened when the pastor read aloud from the Bible in the evening. All the children liked her very much, but when they spoke about dress and grandeur and beauty she would shake her head.

　　On the following Sunday they all went to church, and she was asked whether she wished to go too; but, with tears in her eyes, she looked sadly at her crutches. And then the others went to hear God’s Word, but she went alone into her little room; this was only large enough to hold the bed and a chair. Here she sat down with her hymn-book, and as she was reading it with a pious mind, the wind carried the notes of the organ over to her from the church, and in tears she lifted up her face and said: “O God! help me!”

　　Then the sun shone so brightly, and right before her stood an angel of God in white robes; it was the same one whom she had seen that night at the church-door. He no longer carried the sharp sword, but a beautiful green branch, full of roses; with this he touched the ceiling, which rose up very high, and where he had touched it there shone a golden star. He touched the walls, which opened wide apart, and she saw the organ which was pealing forth; she saw the pictures of the old pastors and their wives, and the congregation sitting in the polished chairs and singing from their hymn-books. The church itself had come to the poor girl in her narrow room, or the room had gone to the church. She sat in the pew with the rest of the pastor’s household, and when they had finished the hymn and looked up, they nodded and said, “It was right of you to come, Karen.”

　　“It was mercy,” said she.

　　The organ played and the children’s voices in the choir sounded soft and lovely. The bright warm sunshine streamed through the window into the pew where Karen sat, and her heart became so filled with it, so filled with peace and joy, that it broke. Her soul flew on the sunbeams to Heaven, and no one was there who asked after the Red Shoes.

What about the cravings that many pregnant women experience? Growing research suggests that odd food yearnings--and food aversions--may protect the fetus. Some pregnant women lose the desire to drink coffee or wine and turn green at the sight of fish, meat, eggs or vegetables. Instead, they crave sweets, fruits (especially citrus) and dairy products.

　　如何解释很多孕妇对某些食物的偏好呢?越来越多的研究表明对一些奇怪食物的偏好——和厌恶——可能是出于保护胎儿的缘故。有些孕妇不再爱喝咖啡或红酒，并且一看到鱼、肉、蛋或蔬菜就倒胃口。但是，她们却变得爱吃甜食、水果(尤其柑橘)和奶制品。

　　One explanation: These foods are least likely to carry harmful organisms or natural toxins. "It may be your body is telling you to keep your fetus away from anything that might be toxic," says Frances Largeman, managing editor of FoodFit.com, a website promoting healthy eating habits.

　　有一种解释：这些食物中含有害微生物或天然毒素的可能性最小。"可能是你的身体在教你避免使胎儿接触可能有毒的食物，"致力于宣传健康饮食习惯的FoodFit.com网站主编Frances Largeman说。

　　Largeman acknowledges that the theory doesn't account for why some pregnant women hunger for pickles and others for apple strudel. Cravings are difficult to explain scientifically, she says, "because people don't eat nutrients; they eat food." And everybody's preferences differ.

　　Largeman承认该理论无法解释为什么有些孕妇爱吃泡菜，有些爱吃

　　苹果馅饼。吃的渴望很难从科学上解释，她说。"因为人们不是吃营养，而是吃食物。"而各人偏好又是千差万别。

　　Certain cravings were central to human survival and evolution. Fat and sugar were scarce hundreds of thousands of years ago. Fat was a precious source of calories (supplying more than twice the calories per gram of either protein or starch), and our ancestors had no need to develop an appetite shutoff valve for fat. Instead, when they found fatty food, they ate all they could get and developed an unlimited capacity to store extra calories.

　　某些吃的渴望在人类生存和进化中曾经起到了重要作用。几十万年以前，

　　脂肪和糖是很缺乏的，而脂肪是热量的重要来源(每克脂肪提供的卡路里是蛋白质或淀粉的两倍多)，因此我们的祖先在当时并不需要控制脂肪的摄入量。相反，当他们发现富含脂肪的食物时，他们有多少吃多少，并练就了一种无限储存过多热量的能力。

　　The quest for fat and sugar is now hardwired into our brains, governed by dozens of chemicals including endorphins. Serotonin, for example, is the "feel good" chemical. When levels are low, we seem to crave sweets and carbs, which raise serotonin and improve mood. This may help explain why many women crave chocolate near their periods.

　　这种对脂肪和糖的渴望现已在我们的大脑中固定下来，大脑受到包括内啡素的十几种化学物质的控制。譬如血清素是产生"好的感觉"的化学物质。当它的含量降低时，我们似乎就会渴望糖和碳水化合物，因为它们能提高血清素含量并改善情绪。这一点也许有助于解释为什么很多女性在经期前后会想吃巧克力。

　　Some experts think cravings are as much a reflection of our social and psychological makeup as they are of our physiological impulses. "Food adds solace to our lives," says Jeff Hampl, a spokesman for the American Dietetic Association. "Often, cravings are tied to a childhood experience and good feelings associated with it. There's a subconscious desire to replace those emotions."

　　有些专家认为吃的渴望除了能反映我们生理冲动以外，还能反映我们社会和心理构成。"食物给我们生活带来慰藉，"美国饮食协会发言人Jeff Hampl说。"吃的渴望常常与童年某段经历以及与此相关的美好情感有联系。人的潜意识渴望恢复这种情感。"

　　This would explain my predilection for rapini, since my mother serves it every Thanksgiving. Yet regardless of the reason, Largeman--who craves salmon sometimes--thinks you should satisfy a craving when it strikes. "A craving usually just gets worse," She says,"and it could lead to binging."

　　这也许能解释为何我会对迷迭香情有独衷，这是因为我妈妈在每个感恩节都会做这道菜。不过，不论原因如何，有时会渴望鮭肉的Largeman认为，当这种渴望出现时，你都应该去满足它。"渴望通常只会愈演愈烈，"她说，"它会导致暴饮暴食。"

　　But most of us long for foods that aren't as nutritious as salmon. What should we do?

　　但是大多数人所渴望的食物不及鲑肉营养丰富。我们应该怎么做呢?

　　First, make sure you're experiencing a true craving--not just plain old hunger or thirst. "Sometimes people don't realize they're physically hungry," says O'Neil."If it's actually hunger, eating something reasonable such as a piece of fruit rather than a chocolate bar might do the trick."

　　首先，必须确定你正经历一种真正的渴望——而不是普通饥渴。“有时，人们意识不到自己身体正处于饥饿状态，”O'Neil说。“如果真是饥饿的话，那么选择合理的食物，譬如一片水果而不是一块巧克力，就可以奏效。”

　　Another option, he says, is to"leave the scene of the craving. Change your setting and engage in other things that don't involve food."

　　另一个办法，他说，是“离开想吃东西的场所。改变一下环境，做一些与吃无关的事情。”

　　Finally, if your craving just won't be rebuffed, indulge it--judiciously."If you have a salty craving," says Largeman, "it's better to buy a single-serving bag of salt-and-vinegar chips than to buy a large bag and keep it around the house." Or try a less potent alternative--say, low-fat chocolate milk or a frozen fudge pop rather than a slab of fudge.

　　最后，如果你实在无法打消吃的渴望，那么就放纵自己吧——不过要适度。"如果你爱吃咸食，"Largeman说，"那么买一袋一人吃的咸醋味薯片要比买一大袋放在家里好。"或者还可以选择一个低热量的品种——譬如低脂巧克力牛奶或一瓶冰冻的乳脂软糖汽水而不是一大块乳脂软糖。

　　For years, Catherine Monk would ignore her sweet tooth, then splurge on half a pint of ice cream. Now wiser, she settles for a few table-spoons every night."That does it for me," she says.

　　几年来，Catherine Monk一直克制自己对甜食的渴望，压制不了时，就无节制地吃半品脱

　　冰淇淋。现在，她变聪明多了，每晚只允许自己吃上几勺。"这对我很有效，"她说。

　英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言，英语重形合，汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为“树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林”，脉络难析，主次难辨，而把汉语句子比喻为“枝干分明的竹林”，脉络清晰，主次易辨。翻译时，根据表达习惯，英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致，因此，翻译时，也时常需要根据表达习惯，对句序进行相应的调整。

　　现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学 英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。这里着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法：正反、反正表达法，分句、合句法。

　　正反、反正表达法

　　由于民族文化和思维方式不同，英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时，英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的，而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达，如例1、例2、例3。反之，汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子，译成英语时需要从反面进行表达，如例4、例5、例6。此外，汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构，如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。

　　一、

　　I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达

　　例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。

　　译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词)

　　例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。

　　译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)

　例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。

　　译文：He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)

　　II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达

　　例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。

　　译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)

　　例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。

　　译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语)

　　例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。

　　译文：Such actions couldn’t long escape notice. (句子)

　　III.特殊的否定句式

　　例7：有利必有弊。

　　译文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)

　　例8：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。

二、

　　分句、合句法

　　很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。

　　I.分句法

　　汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子：

　　例1. 少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译)

　　译文： Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.

　　例2. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)

　　译文： Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.

　　例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响。(从关联词处分译)

　　译文： The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.

　　例4. 我们的政策是实行“一个国家，两种制度”，具体说，就是在中华人民共和国内，有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)

　译文： We are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” More specifically, this means that within the People’s Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.

　　例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译)

　　译文： We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.

　　II.合句法

　　英汉两种语言的句子结构不完全相同，尽管英语句子日趋简洁，但是从句套从句，短语含短语的句型也是频频出现。一般而言，一个英语句子的信息包含量要大于一个汉语句子，因此，我们在做汉译英的时候，常常把汉语的两个句子，甚至更多句子，合译成英语的一句。使用合句法还可以使译文紧凑、简练。如以下三个例子：

　　例6：一代人与一代人之间的冲突，也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突，似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己，或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)

　　译文：A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.

　　例7：对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)

　　译文：To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.

　　例8：第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)

　　译文：The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.

一 开头万能公式：

　　1.开头万能公式一：

　　名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很好办：编!原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧?经典句型：A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

　　2.开头万能公式二：

　　数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

　　看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：

　　Honesty

　　根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

　　Travel by Bike

　　根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

　　Youth

　　根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

　　Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?

　　根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

　　更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

　　二结尾万能公式：

　　1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论

　　说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子：

　　Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

　　如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!

　　更多过渡短语：

　　to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

　　更多句型：

　　Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

　　2.结尾万能公式二：如此建议

　　如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽!

　　Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

　　这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢?更多句型：

　　Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

　　Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.