英语小站,学英语,过四级.

　第一，发音非常接近，甚至完全相同，容易导致在被动接受语音信息的时候（也就是听听力材料的时候）发生理解误差。如1）quite 相当quiet 安静地。

　　第二，有些词汇，不仅互相之间发音相似或相同，拼写也很接近，容易在练习听写的时候把单词写错。如5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记，以及89) statue 塑像 statute 法令 stature 身长 status 地位

　　第三，对于一些发音特殊的词汇，考生总是记不住其正确发音，比如suite这个单词，很多考生容易把它的发音错误地理解为与suit这个单词相同，因而在听力中发生理解错误。

　　第四，有些单词，发音，拼写都接近，而且在含义用法上也有一些联系或雷同之处，因此在听力理解时难度极大，如86) extend 延伸（时间或长度） extent 长度

　　给各位上四六级培训班的同学布置个小作业啦——就算你是在不想背那厚厚一本词汇书，也请你一定要把这篇文章里我总结的这些词汇熟练掌握，这样以来，听力部分的词汇算是过关了，应付四六级考试不会有太大问题了。更重要的是，希望大家能够了解上述训练及总结方法，在自己的学习过程中，根据这样的思路不断积累更多英语学习素材。

1) quite 相当 quiet 安静地

2) affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响

3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行

4) angel 天使 angle 角度

5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记

6) contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛

7) principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则

8) implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的

9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文

10) pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打

11) decent 正经的 descent n 向下, 血统 descend v 向下

12) sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水

13) later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近

14) costume 服装 custom 习惯

15) extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的

16) aural 耳的 oral 口头的

17) abroad 国外 aboard 上（船，飞机）

18) altar 祭坛 alter 改变

19) assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音

20) champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役

21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓

22) beam 梁， 光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式

23) precede 领先 proceed 进行，继续

24) pray 祈祷 prey 猎物

25) chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房

26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驴

27) chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳

28) cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉

29) clash （金属）幢击声 crash 碰幢，坠落 crush 压坏

30) compliment 赞美 complement 附加物

31) confirm 确认 conform 使顺从

32) contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照

33) council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事

34) crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛

35) dose 一剂药 doze 打盹

36) drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水

37) emigrant 移民到国外 immigrant 从某国来的移民

38) excess n 超过 exceed v超过 excel 擅长

39) hotel 青年旅社 hostel 旅店

40) latitude 纬度 altitude 高度 gratitude 感激

41) immoral 不道德 的 immortal 不朽的

42) lone 孤独的 alone 单独的 lonely 寂寞的

43) mortal 不死的 metal 金属 mental 神经的 medal勋章 model 模特meddle 玩弄

44) scare 惊吓 scarce 缺乏的

45) drought 天旱 draught 通风, 拖拉 draughts (英)国际跳棋

47) assure 保证 ensure 使确定 insure 保险

48) except 除外 expect 期望 accept 接受 excerpt 选录 exempt 免除

49) floor 地板 flour 面粉

50) incident 事件 accident 意外

51) inspiration 灵感 aspiration 渴望

52) march 三月, 前进 match 比赛

53) patent 专利 potent 有力的 potential 潜在的

54) police 警察 policy 政策 politics 政治

55) protest 抗议 protect 保护

56) require 需要 inquire 询问 enquire 询问 acquire 获得

67) revenge 报仇 avenge 为...报仇

68) story 故事 storey 楼层 store 商店

69) strike 打 stick 坚持 strict 严格的

70) expand 扩张 expend 花费 extend 延长

71) commerce 商业 commence 开始

72) through 通过 thorough 彻底的 (al)though 尽管 thought think 过去分词

73) purpose 目的 suppose 假设 propose 建议

74) expect 期望 respect 尊敬 aspect 方面 inspect 视察 suspect 怀疑

75) glide 滑翔 slide 使滑行 slip 跌落

76) steal 偷 steel 钢

77) strive 努力 stride 大步走

78) allusion 暗示 illusion 幻觉 delusion 错觉 elusion 逃避

79) prospect 前景 perspective 透视法

80) stationery 文具 stationary 固定的

81) loose 松的 lose 丢失 loss n 损失 lost lose过去式

82) amend 改正, 修正 emend 校正

83) amoral unmoral immoral 同义 不道德的

84) capitol 大厦 capital 首都

85) casual 随便的 causal 表原因的

86) extend 延伸 extent 长度 extant 现存的

87) inability 没能力 disability 残疾

88) personnel 人事 personal 个人的

89) statue 塑像 statute 法令 stature 身长 status 地位

90) widow 寡妇 window 窗户

91) socks 短袜 stockings 长筒袜

92) tax 税 taxi 出租

93) definite 不定的 infinite 无限的

94) grim 严酷的 grime 污点

95) crayon 蜡笔 canyon 山谷

96) recent 最近 resent 生气

97) phrase 短语 phase 阶段

98) mission 使命 emission 散发, 发射 mansion 大厦

99) vision 视觉 version 译本

100) gasp 上气不接下气 grasp 抓住

101) delicate 微妙的 dedicate 献身

101) idle 空闲的 idol 偶像

102) induce 促使,劝诱 deduce 推测 reduce 减少 seduce 诱使

103) lapse 流逝 elapse 消逝 eclipse 日食

104) rude 粗鲁的 crude 天然的

105) source 水源 sauce 酱油 saucer 茶托 resource 资源 recourse 求援

106) sled (儿童)雪橇 sledge 雪橇

107) stripe 条纹 strip 条 trip 旅行

108) vocation 职业 vacation 假期 evocation 召集 revocation 撤回

109) ardor 热情 adore 崇拜 adorn 装饰

110) area 区域 era 时代

111) resemble 象... assemble v 集合,装配 assembly n 集合, 装配

112) assume 假定 resume 恢复

113) attain 达到 obtain 获得 abstain 放弃

114) award 授予 reward 奖赏

115) baggage (American English) luggage 行李

116) badge 徽章 bandage 绷带

117) blade 刀刃 bald 秃的 bold 大胆

118) bloom 开花 blossom 开花(结果实) bosom 胸口

119)blush 脸红 flush 发红(脸)

120) bride 新娘 bribe 贿赂

121) growl 咆哮 howl 狼叫

122) depress 使沮丧 suppress 镇压 oppress 压迫

123) dime 一角 dim 暗淡的

124) dizzy 眼花缭乱 dazzle 使眼花

125) brown 褐色 brow 眼眉 blow 打击

126) bullet 子弹 bulletin 公告

127) carton 纸板盒 cartoon 动画

128) chivalry 骑士精神 cavalry 骑兵队

129) collar 领子 cellar 地窖 color 颜色

130) vanish 消失 evanish 使消失

131) intrude 入侵 extrude 逐出 detrude 推下

132) contort 扭弯 distort 弄弯 retort 反驳

133) eminent 杰出的 imminent 逼近的

134) decline 下降 recline 放置 incline 倾斜

135) exclaim 呼喊 proclaim 宣布 acclaim 欢呼 declaim 朗诵

136) edict 法令 indict 控告

137) perfuse 泼洒 profuse 浪费的

138) reject 拒绝 eject 逐出 inject 注射 deject 使沮丧

139) literacy 识字 literary 文学的 literature 文学 literal 文字的

140) median 中央的,中线的 medium 媒体

141) expel 驱逐 repel 反击 impel 推动 dispel 驱散

142) rip 撕 ripe 熟的

143) wench 绞车 wrench 扭伤

144) confidant 知己 confident 有信心的

145) dine 吃饭 diner 吃饭人 dinning n 吃饭 dinner 晚饭

146) dreg 渣滓 drag 拖拉

147) faint 失去知觉 feint 佯攻

148) imprudence 轻率 impudence 无耻

149) specie 硬币 species 种类

150) hanger 钩子 hangar 棚厂 hunger 饥饿

151) suite 一(宾馆套房) suit一套衣服

1.表示原因

　　1)There are three reasons for this.

　　2)The reasons for this are as follows.

　　3)The reason for this is obvious.

　　4)The reason for this is not far to seek.

　　5)The reason for this is that...

　　6)We have good reason to believe that...

　　例如：

　　There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.

　　注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

　　2.表示好处

　　1)It has the following advantages.

　　2)It does us a lot of good.

　　3)It benefits us quite a lot.

　　4)It is beneficial to us.

　　5)It is of great benefit to us.

　　例如：

　　Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

　　3.表示坏处

　　1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.

　　2)It does us much harm.

　　3)It is harmful to us.

　　例如：

　　However，everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

　　4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

　　1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible)for sb.to do sth.

　　2)We think it necessary to do sth.

　　3)It plays an important role in our life.

　　例如：

　　Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business.Soon， computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

　　5.表示措施

　　1)We should take some effective measures.

　　2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.

　　3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.

　　4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.

　　例如：

　　The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.

　　6.表示发生变化

　　1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.

　　2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.

　　3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.

　　例如：

　　Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.

　　7.表示事实、现状

　　1)We cannot ignore the fact that... f

　　2)No one can deny the fact that...

　　3)There is no denying the fact that...

　　4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

　　5)However，that’s not the case.

　　例如：

　　We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.

　　8.表示比较

　　1)Compared with A，B...

　　2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

　　3)There is a striking contrast between them.

　　例如：

　　Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.

　　9.表示数量

　　1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...

　　2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800，000.

　　3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.

　　例如：

　　With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.

　　再如：

　　From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.

　　10.表示看法

　　1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth.

　　2)People have different opinions on this problem.

　　3)People take different views of(on)the question.

　　4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...

　　例如：

　　People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.

　　Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.

　　再如：

　　Do “lucky numbersreally bring good luck?Different people have different views on it.

　　注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法

1)主语从句 　　It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy. 　　It is well-known that… 　　It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that… 　　It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that… 　　It is / that

　　2)宾(表)语从句　　We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates. 　　The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.

　　3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性) 　　As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…, 　　There are many reasons why I want to study in your university. 　　It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.

　　4)状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等) 　　When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him. 　　Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.

5)分词短语做定语或状语　　Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.

　　6)倒装句　　Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem. 　　Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.

　　7)被动句　　Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem. 　　He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds. 　　Many people believe that…(It is believed that… 　　

8)设问句　　Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

9)比较 　　1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 　　2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 　　3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that... 　　4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that... 　　5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 　　6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 　　7.A and B has several points in common. 　　8.A bears some resemblances to B. 　　9.However, the same is not applicable to B. 　　10. A and B differ in several ways. 　　11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 　　12. People used to think ..., but things are different now. 　　13. The same is true of B. 　　14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. 　　15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...

　　10)原因　　1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. 　　A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 　　2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 　　3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that... 　　4. The factors that contribute to this situation include... 　　5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that... 　　6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are... 　　7. Part of the explanations for it is that ... 　　8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ... 　　9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ... 　　10. Perhaps the primary factor is that ... 11. But the fundamental cause is that ... 　

　11)结果　　1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 　　2. The immediate result it produces is ... 　　3. It will exercise a profound influence upon... 　　4. Its consequence can be so great that...

　　12)批驳　　1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out. 　　2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 　　3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water. 　　4) Many of us have been under the illusion that... 　　5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 　　6) It makes no sense to argue for ... 　　7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ... 　　8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ... 　　9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...

　13)举例　　1) A good case in point is ... 　　2) As an illustration, we may take ... 　　3) Such examples might be given easily. 　　4) ...is often cited as an example.

　　14)证明　　1) No one can deny the fact that ... 　　2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 　　3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ... 　　4) Recent studies indicate that ... 　　5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ... 　　6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ... 　

　15)开篇　　1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ... 　　2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 　　3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 　　4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ... 　　5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ... 　　6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular. 　　7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ... 　　8) According to a recent survey, ... 　　9) With the rapid development of ..., ...

　　16)结尾　　1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ... 　　2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ... 　　3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ... 　　4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ... 　　5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help. 　　6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... 　　7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 　　8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 　　9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ... 　　10) Taking all these into account, we ... 　　11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

1. How do you memorize new words?

　　New words should be mastered in several ways. First, pronunciation, if you want to pronounce the word correctly, you'd better listen to it first and practice it again and again by imitation. Second, spelling, if you want to memorize the word how to spell, you'd better learn some knowledge for word building and pronunciation rules. Third, meaning and use, if you want to know the exact meaning and use of the word, you'd better learn it through context and reading. Finally, you should work hard on it.

　　2. How do you improve your reading?

　　First, look at the title of the passage if there is. You can get the general idea of it. Then you pay attention to the first and last sentence of very paragraph of the passage. You can get the main idea of the paragraph. Third, through the context(上下文), you guess the new words that you come across. Finally, note the style and tone in order to the writer's implication in meaning.

　　3. How do you improve your speaking?

　　You can improve your speaking only through practice. Firstly, don't think of too much grammar, when you speak. You try to speak the key words, if you cannot speak the whole sentence, but you must speak the key words clearly and correctly. Secondly, pay attention to the different rhythms (节奏)between English and Chinese. We Chinese tend to stress the words equally, while the English words in the sentence tend to be stressed quite differently. The words with important information are normally stressed. Lastly, try to use your gestures and your facial expressions to go with your verbal communication.

　　4. How do you learn English grammar?

　　The purpose of learning grammar is to help learners to have a better understanding of the language. It is no use remembering grammar rules by rote because there are no rules without exceptions. It is sensible to use English grammar as a tool to help you to understand and master English. You learn grammar only through language phenomena (现象)because it comes from it. So you learn those rules and do some exercises to practise them.

　　5. How do you improve your listening?

　　You can improve your listening only through listening a great deal and there is no shortcut. First, you should have the right pronunciation of the words in your mind so learn to pronounce them correctly. Then, you try to catch the meaning of the sentence but not the separate meanings of the words, that is, do not concentrate on words too much but on the meaning as a whole. Third, pay attention to the liaison, (连读) loss of explosion and assimilation(同化) of the words. Lastly, pay attention to the stressed words and guess the meaning through the intonation.

6. How do you start to learn English?

　　First, you must have your purpose of learning English in your mind. Do you want to improve your oral English or written English or for the purpose of tests? Second, what level are you at? Are your English intermediate? Lower or upper? Third, choose the way to learn English according to your time and finance. Do you want to learn English by self-study, English class, English courses on the radio, English learning software or even online courses on the Internet? Finally, you must study hard and insist on learning continuously for a year or two.

　　7. How do you improve your translation?

　　First, learn some basic rules for translation. Then you must have a good master of both English and Chinese. Finally, you must practise, practise and once more practise. You can refer to some bilingual magazines English world for example. You practise translation from Chinese to English and vice versa(反过来). Then you have some comparison with their translation. After some period of practice, you will make great progress. Practise makes perfect.

　　8. How do you tell the differences of English synonyms?

　　There are no synonyms which are exactly the same. You should think of the synonyms in these ways. The style is different. Formal or informal?. The meaning is different. General or specific? It is different in grammar. Different collocations and different sentence patterns.

　　9. How do you learn English verb tense?

　　First, pay attention to the adverbial of time, if there is one, in the sentence. Different adverbials of time indicate the use of different tense. Second, the meaning of predicate verb, Some verbs tend to be used a certain tense. For example, I like music The word like tends to be used in simple present tense. Third, note the context, it will give you hints to use a certain tense. Finally, you'd better do some exercises in order that you have some consciousness(意识) of using English tense.

　　10. How do you buy English dictionary?

　　Nowadays, there are so many different kinds of dictionaries. Find the kind of dictionary that you are looking for. Then you 'd better find out who is the publisher? Is it a well-known publisher? How many copies has it been published? The more, the better. What do you think of the printing quality of the dictionary.

on　fire　起火着火

　　on　foot　步行,　

　　on　guard　站岗,值班

　　on　hand　在场,在手边　

　　on　occasion(s)　有时,间或

　　on　one's　own　独立,独自　

　　on　purpose　故意地

　　on　sale　出售,廉价出售　

　　on　schedule　按时间表,准时

　　on　second　thoughts　经重新考虑　

　　on　the　contrary　正相反

　　on　the　grounds　of　根据,以...为由　

　　on　(the)　one　hand　一方面

　　on　the　other　hand　另一方面　

　　on　the　point　of　即将...的时刻

　　on　the　road　在旅途中　

　　on　the　side　作为兼职/副　业

　　on　the　spot　在场;马上　

　　on　the　whole　总的来说,大体上

　　on　time　准时　

　　once　again　再一次

　　once(and)for　all　一劳永逸地　

　　once　in　a　while　偶尔

　　once　more　再一次　

　　once　upon　a　time　从前

　　one　another　相互　

　　or　else　否则,要不然

　　or　so　大约,左右　

　　other　than　非;除了

　　out　of　从...中;由于;缺乏　

　　out　of　breath　喘不过气来

　　out　of　control　失去控制　

　　out　of　date　过时的

　　out　of　doors　在户外　

　　out　of　order　出故障的

　　out　of　place　不适当的　

　　out　of　practice　久不练习,荒疏

　　out　of　sight　看不见,在视野外　

　　out　of　the　question　毫无可能的

　　out　of　touch　不联系,不接触　

　　over　and　over(again)　一再地,再三地

　　prior　at　在...之前　

　　quite　a　few　相当多,不少

　　rather　than　不是...(而是)　

　　regardless　of　不顾,不惜

　　right　away　立即,马上　

　　side　by　side　肩并肩,一起

　　so　far　迄今为止　

　　sooner　or　later　迟早,早晚

　　step　by　step　逐步地　

　　such　as　例如,诸如

　　thanks　to　由于,多亏　

　　that　is　(to　say)　就是说,即

　　to　the　point　切中要害,切题　

　　under　control　处于控制之下

　　under　the　circumstances　这种情况下　

　　up　to　date　在进行中

　　up　to　多达;直到;胜任;取决于　

　　what　if　切合目前情况的

　　what　about　怎么样　

　　with　respect　to　如果...将怎么样

　　with　regard　to　关于,至于　

　　without　question　关于,至于,

　　with　the　exception　of　除...之外　

　　without　question　毫无疑问

　　word　for　word　逐字的

in　step　齐步,合拍　

　　in　step　with　与...一致/协调

　　in　tears　流着泪,在哭着　

　　in　the　course　of　在...期间/过程中

　　in　the　distance　在远处　

　　in　the　end　最后,终于

　　in　the　event　of　如果...发生,万一　

　　in　the　face　of　即使;在...面前

　　in　the　first　place　首先　

　　in　the　future　在未来

　　in　the　least　丝毫,一点　

　　in　(the)light　of　鉴于,由于

　　in　the　way　挡道　

　　in　the　world　究竟,到底

　　in　time　及时　

　　in　touch　联系,接触

　　in　turn　依次,轮流;转而　

　　in　vain　徒劳,白费力

　　instead　of　代替,而不是　

　　just　now　眼下;刚才

　　little　by　little　逐渐地　

　　lots　of　许多

　　many　a　许多　

　　more　or　less　或多或少,有点

　　next　door　隔壁的,在隔壁　

　　no　doubt　无疑地

　　no　less　than　不少于...;不亚于...　

　　no　longer　不再

　　no　more　不再　

　　no　more　than　至多,同...一样不

　　none　other　than　不是别的,正是　

　　on　one's　guard　警惕,提防

　　nothing　but　只有,只不过　

　　now　and　then　时而,偶尔

　　off　and　on　断断续续,间歇地　

　　off　duty　下班

　　on　a　large/small　scale　大/小规模地　

　　on　account　of　由于

　　on(an/the)　average　平均,通常　

　　on　behalf　of　代表

　　on　board　在船(车/飞机)上　

　　on　business　因公

　　on　condition　that　如果　

　　on　duty　上班,值班

　　on　earth　究竟,到底　

for　the　moment　暂时,目前

　　for　the　present　暂时,目前　

　　for　the　sake　of　为了,为了...的利益

　　for　the　time　being　暂时,眼下　

　　from　time　to　time　有时,不时

　　hand　in　hand　手拉手　,密切关联　

　　head　on　迎面地,正面的

　　heart　and　soul　全心全意地　

　　how　about　...怎么样

　　in　a　hurry　匆忙,急于　

　　in　case　of　假如,防备

　　in　a　moment　立刻,一会儿　

　　in　a　sense　从某种意义上说

　　in　a　way　在某种程度上　

　　in　a　word　简言之,总之

　　in　accordance　with　与...一致,按照　

　　in　addition　另外,加之

　　in　addition　to　除...之外(还)　

　　in　advance　预先,事先

　　in　all　总共,合计　

　　in　any　case　无论如何

　　in　any　event　无论如何　

　　in　brief　简单地说

　　in　charge　of　负责,总管　

　　in　common　共用的,共有的

　　in　consequence(of)　因此;由于　

　　in　debt　欠债,欠情

　　in　detail　详细地　

　　in　difficulty　处境困难

　　in　effect　实际上,事实上　

　　in　general　一般来说,大体上

　　in　favor　of　支持,赞成　

　　in　front　of　面对,在...前

　　in　half　成两半　

　　in　hand　在进行中,待办理

　　in　honor　of　为庆祝,为纪念　

　　in　itself　本质上,就其本身而言

　　in　line　with　与...一致　

　　in　memory　of　纪念

　　in　no　case　决不　

　　in　no　time　立即,马上

　　in　no　way　决不　

　　in　order　按顺序,按次序

　　in　other　words　换句话说　

　　in　part　部分地

　　in　particular　特别,尤其　

　　in　person　亲自,本人

　　in　place　在合适的位置　

　　in　place　of　代替,取代,交换

　　in　practice　在实践中,实际上　

　　in　proportion　to　与...成比例

　　in　public　公开地,当众　

　　in　quantity　大量

　　in　question　正在谈论的　

　　in　regard　to　关于,至于

　　in　relation　to　关于,涉及　

　　in　return　作为报答/回报/交换

　　in　return　for　作为对...报答　

　　in　short　简言之,总之

　　in　sight　被见到;在望　

　　in　spite　of　尽管

a　series　of　一系列,一连串

　　above　all　首先,尤其是　

　　after　all　毕竟,究竟

　　ahead　of　在...之前　

　　ahead　of　time　提前

　　all　at　once　突然,同时　

　　all　but　几乎;除了...都

　　all　of　a　sudden　突然　

　　all　over　遍及

　　all　over　again　再一次,重新　

　　all　the　time　一直,始终

　　all　the　same　仍然,照样的　

　　as　regards　关于,至于

　　anything　but　根本不　

　　as　a　matter　of　fact　实际上

　　apart　from　除...外(有/无)　

　　as　a　rule　通常,照例

　　as　a　result(of)　因此,由于　

　　as　far　as　...be　concerned　就...而言

　　as　far　as　远至,到...程度　

　　as　for　至于,关于

　　as　follows　如下　

　　as　if　好像,仿怫

　　as　good　as　和...几乎一样　

　　as　usual　像平常一样,照例

　　as　to　至于,关于　

　　all　right　令人满意的;可以

　　as　well　同样,也,还　

　　as　well　as　除...外(也),即...又

　　aside　from　除...外(还有)　

　　at　a　loss　茫然,不知所措

　　at　a　time　一次,每次　

　　at　all　丝毫(不),一点也不

　　at　all　costs　不惜一切代价　

　　at　all　events　不管怎样,无论如何

　　at　all　times　随时,总是　

　　at　any　rate　无论如何,至少

　　at　best　充其量,至多　

　　at　first　最初,起先

　　at　first　sight　乍一看,初看起来　

　　at　hand　在手边,在附近

　　at　heart　内心里,本质上　

　　at　home　在家,在国内

　　at　intervals　不时,每隔...　

　　at　large　大多数,未被捕获的

　　at　least　至少　

　　at　last　终于

　　at　length　最终,终于　

　　at　most　至多,不超过

　　at　no　time　从不,决不　

　　by　accident　偶然

　　at　one　time　曾经,一度;同时　

　　at　present　目前,现在

　　at　sb's　disposal　任...处理　

　　at　the　cost　of　以...为代价

　　at　the　mercy　of　任凭...摆布　

　　at　the　moment　此刻,目前

　　at　this　rate　照此速度　

　　at　times　有时,间或　

　　back　and　forth　来回地,反复地

　　back　of　在...后面　

　　before　long　不久以后

　　beside　point　离题的,不相干的　

　　beyond　question　毫无疑问

　　by　air　通过航空途径　

　　by　all　means　尽一切办法,务必

　　by　and　by　不久,迟早　

　　by　chance　偶然,碰巧

　　by　far　最,...得多　

　　by　hand　用手,用体力

　　by　itself　自动地,独自地　

　　by　means　of　用,依靠

　　by　mistake　错误地,无意地　

　　by　no　means　决不,并没有

　　by　oneself　单独地,独自地　

　　by　reason　of　由于

　　by　the　way　顺便说说　

　　by　virtue　of　借助,由于

　　by　way　of　经由,通过...方法　

　　due　to　由于,因为

　　each　other　互相　

　　even　if/though　即使,虽然

　　ever　so　非常,极其　

　　every　now　and　then　时而,偶尔

　　every　other　每隔一个的　

　　except　for　除了...外

　　face　to　face　面对面地　

　　far　from　远非,远离

　　for　ever　永远　

　　for　good　永久地

　　for　the　better　好转　

1.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

　　2.God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者

　　3.Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。

　　4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

　　5.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。

　　6.Slow and steady wins the race.稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

　　7.A fall into the pit,　a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。

　　8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。

　　9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。

　　10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

　　11.More hasty,less speed.欲速则不达。

　　12.It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

　　13.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。

　　14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。

　　15.Look before you leap.三思而后行。

　　16.Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。

　　17.Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。

　　18.well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。

　　19.It is hard to please all.众口难调。

　　20.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念。

　　21.Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。

　　22.Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。

　　23.First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。

　　24.Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。

　　25.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

　　26.live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。

　　27.Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。

　　28.East or west,home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。

　　29.It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。

　　30.Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。

　　31.Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。

　　32.The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。

　　33.Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。

　　34.An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

　　35.AS the tree,so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

　　36.To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。

　一、动词语态详解

　　语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。

　　英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如：

　　1.I have repaired the radio.

　　我修好了收音机。

　　2.The radio has been repaired.

　　收音机被修好了。

　　3.The students cleaned the classroom.

　　学生们打扫了教室。

　　4.The classroom was cleaned by the students.

　　教室被学生们打扫了。

　　被动语态的构成：be + 过去分词

　　1.A building was damaged by the storm.

　　暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。

　　2.Our plate was made in China.

　　我们的盘子是中国生产的。

　　3.My bike was stolen.

　　我的自行车被盗了。

　　常用的被动语态的时态变化如下，以 ask 为例：

　　现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked

　　过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked

　　将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked

　　过去将来I shall be asked

　　被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。

　　1.Has your TV set been repaired?

　　你的电视机修了吗？

　　2.Was the kite broken?

　　风筝破了吗？

　　3.Has the work been done?

　　工作结束了吗？

　　被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not.

　　1.The letter has not been sent out.

　　信还没有发出去。

　　2.The little boy has not been found out.

　　小孩还没有找到。

　　3.The cap has not been mended yet.

　　帽子还没有补好。

　　4.Their money has not been sent to them.

　　他们的钱还没有送到他们手
二、方式状语从句讲解

　　方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

　　1)as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：

　　1.Always do to the others as you would be done by.

　　你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

　　2.As water is to fish, so air is to man.

　　我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

　　3.Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

　　正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

　　2)as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

　　1.They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

　　他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)

　　2.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

　　他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)

　　3.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

　　看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)

　　说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：

　　1.He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

　　他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

　　2.He cleared his throat as if to say something.

　　他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

　　3.The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

　　波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒